回到Grammar目錄Sentence fragments
1. 什麼是sentence fragments (不完整的句子)?簡單的說，就是一個句子並沒有完整的句子結構，就標示句號(period)、問號(question marks)等表示一個句子結束的標點符號。
下面是sentence fragments及修正後的例子:
錯誤 Ex.
Japanese students spend a mere 100 hours a year on
mathematics in the seventh grade. While
American students spend as
much as 145 hours.(While是連接詞，需要連接兩個子句)
正確 Ex.
Japanese students spend a mere 100 hours a year on mathematics in the seventh
grade,
while American students spend as
much as 145 hours.
錯誤 Ex. I need to
find a new roommate. Because
the one I have now isn't working out too well. (Because是連接詞，需要連接兩個子句，不能還沒有連接子句
就加上句號)
正確 Ex.
I need to find a new roommate
because the one I have now isn't working out too
well.
錯誤 Ex. Purdue
offers many majors in engineering. Such as electrical,
chemical, and industrial engineering. (後面這個"句子"，沒有主詞和動詞)
正確 Ex.
Purdue offers many majors in engineering,
such as electrical, chemical,
and industrial engineering.
2. 很多sentence fragments在口語非正式用法中可以使用，在報紙、雜誌的廣告台詞也偶而會出現sentence fragments。但是，對英文初學者而言，還是應該盡量不要使用，否則，讀者可能會認定你對英文的文法不夠熟悉瞭解，才會犯sentence fragments的錯誤。在日常英語對話中，我們時常用到sentence fragments，所以許多英文學習者認為在寫作中也可以用這些sentence fragments。記住，英文口語可以接受的句子，在英文寫作，尤其是正式或學術性的寫作時，有時會被視為不恰當或錯誤的。
錯誤 Ex.
Hey,
正確 Ex.
Hey,
Sam, do you want to get some lunch?
I can't.
I have too much homework to
finish before class.
錯誤 Ex.
Why do you look tired?
Because I
stayed up late last night . (在英語口語是可以這樣說)
正確 Ex.
Why
do you look tired?
I am tired
because I stayed up late last night.
Note: 若是只有一個句子，連接詞是多餘的。這種錯誤要修改時通常都是應該將該句子和前面或後面的句子連接起來。下面的例句都是典型的sentence fragments。
錯誤 Ex. Even though I don't have classes in the morning. (even though 是連接詞，可是該句只有一個句子。)
錯誤 Ex. When you can't finish your papers. (when是連接詞，可是該句只有一個句子。)
錯誤 Ex. When you missing someone. (這句有兩個錯誤: (1) sentence fragment的錯誤; (2) 把V-ing當作動詞用。)
3. 台灣學生學習英文時，常犯的另一些sentence fragment錯誤有:
(1) 一個句子沒有主詞。
錯誤 Ex.
Entertained tens of thousands with an
outdoor concert every Fourth of July.
正確 Ex.
Arthur Fiedler
entertained tens of thousands with an outdoor
concert every Fourth of July.
(2) 一個句子沒有動詞。
錯誤 Ex.
The bill that
lawmakers have discussed for a long time
正確 Ex.
All of the officials with jobs at the Kennedy
Space Center were worried about the fall of Skylab.
4. 另外一些常見的sentence fragments錯誤及修訂如下:
錯誤 Ex.
Because
some students work part-time while taking a full load of courses.
正確 Ex.
Because some students work part-time while taking a
full load of courses, they have very little free time.
(Because子句是附屬子句，就像寄居蟹一樣，必須附屬在一個主要子句或獨立子句。)
錯誤 Ex.
She noticed some pieces of paper on the floor of the car.
Apparently
receipts from a used car lot.
正確 Ex.
She noticed some pieces of paper on the floor of the car,
apparently
receipts from a used car lot.
正確 Ex.
She noticed some pieces of paper on the floor of the car
--
apparently
receipts from a used car lot.
錯誤 Ex.
They have abandoned their homes.
And taken all their possessions with them.
正確 Ex.
They have abandoned their homes,
and
taken all their possessions with them.
錯誤 Ex.
A
story with deep thoughts and emotions.
正確 Ex.
She told a story with deep thoughts and
emotions.
(把sentence
fragment當作受詞)
錯誤 Ex. Toys of all
kinds thrown everywhere.
正確 Ex.
Toys of all kinds were thrown everywhere. (將sentence
fragment缺少的被動語態be動詞補上去)
正確 Ex.
They found toys of all kinds thrown everywhere.
(把sentence
fragment當作受詞)
錯誤 Ex. A record of
accomplishment beginning when you were first hired.
正確 Ex.
I've noticed a record of accomplishment
beginning when you were first hired. (把sentence fragment當作受詞)
正確 Ex.
A record of accomplishment began when you were
first hired.
(將sentence fragment加上動詞)
錯誤 Ex.
With the ultimate effect of all advertising is to
sell the product.
正確 Ex.
The ultimate effect of all advertising is to sell
the product. (把多餘的介系詞去掉)
錯誤 Ex.
By paying too much attention to polls can make a
political leader unwilling to propose innovative policies.
正確 Ex.
Paying too much attention to polls can make a
political leader unwilling to propose innovative policies. (把多餘的介系詞去掉)
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